Dublin Core Metadata Element Set, Version 1.1
modified: 2012-06-14
publisher: DCMI

contributor
type: AnnotationProperty
description: The guidelines for using names of persons or organizations as creators also apply to contributors. Typically, the name of a Contributor should be used to indicate the entity.
issued: 1999-07-02

coverage
type: AnnotationProperty
description: Spatial topic and spatial applicability may be a named place or a location specified by its geographic coordinates. Temporal topic may be a named period, date, or date range. A jurisdiction may be a named administrative entity or a geographic place to which the resource applies. Recommended practice is to use a controlled vocabulary such as the Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names [[TGN](https://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/tgn/index.html)]. Where appropriate, named places or time periods may be used in preference to numeric identifiers such as sets of coordinates or date ranges.
issued: 1999-07-02

creator
type: AnnotationProperty
description: Examples of a Creator include a person, an organization, or a service. Typically, the name of a Creator should be used to indicate the entity.
issued: 1999-07-02

date
type: AnnotationProperty
description: Date may be used to express temporal information at any level of granularity. Recommended practice is to express the date, date/time, or period of time according to ISO 8601-1 [[ISO 8601-1](https://www.iso.org/iso-8601-date-and-time-format.html)] or a published profile of the ISO standard, such as the W3C Note on Date and Time Formats [[W3CDTF](https://www.w3.org/TR/NOTE-datetime)] or the Extended Date/Time Format Specification [[EDTF](http://www.loc.gov/standards/datetime/)]. If the full date is unknown, month and year (YYYY-MM) or just year (YYYY) may be used. Date ranges may be specified using ISO 8601 period of time specification in which start and end dates are separated by a '/' (slash) character. Either the start or end date may be missing.
issued: 1999-07-02

description
type: AnnotationProperty
description: Description may include but is not limited to: an abstract, a table of contents, a graphical representation, or a free-text account of the resource.
issued: 1999-07-02

format
type: AnnotationProperty
description: Recommended practice is to use a controlled vocabulary where available. For example, for file formats one could use the list of Internet Media Types [[MIME](https://www.iana.org/assignments/media-types/media-types.xhtml)].
issued: 1999-07-02

identifier
type: AnnotationProperty
description: Recommended practice is to identify the resource by means of a string conforming to an identification system.
issued: 1999-07-02

language
type: AnnotationProperty
description: Recommended practice is to use either a non-literal value representing a language from a controlled vocabulary such as ISO 639-2 or ISO 639-3, or a literal value consisting of an IETF Best Current Practice 47 [[IETF-BCP47](https://tools.ietf.org/html/bcp47)] language tag.
issued: 1999-07-02

publisher
type: AnnotationProperty
description: Examples of a Publisher include a person, an organization, or a service. Typically, the name of a Publisher should be used to indicate the entity.
issued: 1999-07-02

relation
type: AnnotationProperty
description: Recommended practice is to identify the related resource by means of a URI. If this is not possible or feasible, a string conforming to a formal identification system may be provided.
issued: 1999-07-02

rights
type: AnnotationProperty
description: Typically, rights information includes a statement about various property rights associated with the resource, including intellectual property rights.
issued: 1999-07-02

source
type: AnnotationProperty
description: The described resource may be derived from the related resource in whole or in part. Recommended best practice is to identify the related resource by means of a string conforming to a formal identification system.
issued: 1999-07-02

subject
type: AnnotationProperty
description: Typically, the subject will be represented using keywords, key phrases, or classification codes. Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary.
issued: 1999-07-02

title
type: AnnotationProperty
issued: 1999-07-02

type
type: AnnotationProperty
description: Recommended practice is to use a controlled vocabulary such as the DCMI Type Vocabulary [[DCMI-TYPE](http://dublincore.org/documents/dcmi-type-vocabulary/)]. To describe the file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource, use the Format element.
issued: 1999-07-02

Description
type: AnnotationProperty
type: DatatypeProperty
description: Class has target description.
description: Description may include but is not limited to: an abstract, a table of contents, a graphical representation, or a free-text account of the resource.
comment: An account of the resource.
domain: Thing
label: description
range: string
sub property of: description

Title
type: AnnotationProperty
type: DatatypeProperty
description: Class has target title.
comment: A name given to the resource.
domain: Thing
label: title
range: Literal
range: string
sub property of: title

Certificate Information
type: Class
comment: A piece of information about some certificate that concerns the product.
subclass of: DPP information

Composition information
type: Class
comment: A piece of information about the composition of a product, i.e. a relation between a product and its part, potentially with more details of the composition included.
subclass of: DPP information

DPP information
type: Class
comment: A piece of information contained in a DPP, which is about some product.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: is about
  some values from: Thing

Disassembly information
type: Class
comment: A piece of information about how to disassemble the product, e.g. linking to some disassembly instructions.
subclass of: Instruction

Legal guarantee
type: Class
comment: A piece of information that described the legal guarantee of the product, with its time interval of validity.
subclass of: DPP information
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: Restriction
    cardinality: 1
    on property: end time
  intersection of: Restriction
    cardinality: 1
    on property: start time

Product characteristic
type: Class
comment: A piece of information that describes a product characteristic.
subclass of: Atomic Information
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: characteristic
    some values from: Thing
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: value
    some values from: Literal

Product quality
type: Class
comment: A piece of information about the quality of of a product.
subclass of: Atomic Information
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: quality
    some values from: Thing
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: value
    some values from: Literal

Repair instruction
type: Class
comment: A piece of information about how to repair a product.
subclass of: Instruction

Unit
type: Class
comment: A unit of measure.

certificate document
type: ObjectProperty
comment: A relation pointing out a document representing a certificate related to the product described by the DPP.
domain: Certificate Information
sub property of: external document

characteristic
type: ObjectProperty
comment: The characteristic that the piece of information is about.
domain: Product characteristic

directly superseded by
type: ObjectProperty
comment: A relation connecting a piece of information to the piece of information directly superseding it.
sub property of: superseded by
inverse of: directly supersedes

directly supersedes
type: ObjectProperty
comment: A relation connecting a piece of information to another piece of information that directly replaces the first one, i.e. when a DPP is updated.

disassembly instructions document
type: ObjectProperty
comment: A relation pointing out a document with disassembly instructions for the product.
domain: Disassembly information
sub property of: external document

end time
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: The end of a time interval.

external document
type: ObjectProperty
comment: A relation for pointing to external documentation, that is not explicitly represented inside the DPP but instead as a related document, e.g. documents with various kinds of instructions, certificates, or furhter information about the product.

has composition information
type: ObjectProperty
comment: A piece of information about the composition of a product.
domain: Product

is about
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Relating a piece of information to the thing the information is about, i.e. describes.

quality
type: ObjectProperty
comment: A relation pointing at the quality that the piece of information describes.
domain: Product quality

repair instrucitons document
type: ObjectProperty
comment: A relation pointing out a document containing repair instructions for the product.
domain: Repair instruction
sub property of: external document

start time
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: The start of a time interval.

superseded by
type: ObjectProperty
type: TransitiveProperty
comment: A transitive relation that relates a piece of information to the pieces of information that supersedes it.
domain: DPP information
range: DPP information

unit
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Relation between a concept with a value, associating it to a unit of measure.
domain: Class
  union of: Composition information
  union of: Product characteristic
  union of: Product quality

value
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: The value of a characterisitc or a quality.
domain: Atomic Information

Product
type: Class
comment: A product, in a broad sense, defined as anything that is sold by a value chain actor, and which can have other products as parts.
subclass of: Restriction
  all values from: Product
  on property: A relation between a whole and its parts.

describes
type: ObjectProperty
comment: The relation between a DPP and the product it describes.
range: Product
sub property of: is about

A relation between a whole and its parts.
type: ObjectProperty
label: has part

Resource
type: Class
description: Resource of data from DCAT ontology
subclass of: Digital Entity Dimension
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: is data of
  some values from: Digital Entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: resource aggregated from
  some values from: Resource
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: resource aggregates
  some values from: Resource

Product Digital Twin Ontology
type: Ontology
contributor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0438-6831
contributor: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2993-5734
contributor: arnabsinharesearch
creator: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3517-0945
description: PDTO (Product Digital Twin Ontology) is an ontology for product digital twins. Its goal is to describe a product digital twin.
license: cc-by4.0
modified: 2026-01-23T00:00:00+01:00
publisher: https://www.cea.fr
version IRI: http://www.w3id.org/def/pdto/0.0.3
version info: 0.0.3
preferred namespace prefix: pdto

Aspect Model
type: Class
comment: A structured information to describe an aspect of an entity.
subclass of: Information Model

Assembly Instruction
type: Class
comment: Instruction for assembly process
subclass of: Instruction

Atomic Information
type: Class
label: Piece of information which can be property (characteristic or quality) or operation.
subclass of: DPP information

Information Model
type: Class
comment: A structured information to describe an entity, an entity's aspect or a part of an entity's aspect.
subclass of: Model

has aspect model
type: ObjectProperty
comment: has aspect model links a Digital Entity to an Aspect Model
domain: Digital Entity
range: Aspect Model
sub property of: has model

DPP information which has document
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Certificate Information
domain: Instruction
label: has document

has information
type: ObjectProperty
comment: has information links an information model to a piece of information
domain: Information Model
range: DPP information

has information model
type: ObjectProperty
comment: has information model links a Digital Entity to an Information Model
domain: Digital Entity
range: Information Model
sub property of: has model

has simple information
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: The simple information value of an information model.
domain: Information Model

Behavioral Model
type: Class
comment: Describes the behaviors and response mechanisms of the entity (e.g. state transition, performance and disturbances)
subclass of: Model

Connection
type: Class
comment: Existing connection between different dtw:ConnectionPoint.
subclass of: Digital Twin Dimension
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has consumer
  some values from: External Connection Point
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has consumer
  some values from: Internal Connection Point
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has provider
  some values from: External Connection Point
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has provider
  some values from: Internal Connection Point
subclass of: Restriction
  min qualified cardinality: 1
  on class: Connection Point
  on property: has consumer
subclass of: Restriction
  on class: Connection Point
  on property: has provider
  qualified cardinality: 1

Connection Point
type: Class
comment: Connection point of the connection.

Data Service Connection
type: Class
comment: Connection between dcat:Resource and td:InteractionAffordance.
subclass of: Connection

Digital Entity
type: Class
comment: This dimension of the digital twin consists of various data models that represents all the information allocated in the digital twin.
subclass of: Digital Twin Dimension
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has model
  some values from: Behavioral Model
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has model
  some values from: Geometric Model
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has model
  some values from: Mapping Model
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has model
  some values from: Ontology Model
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has model
  some values from: Physical Model
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has model
  some values from: Rules Model
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has model
  some values from: Semantic Model
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has model
  some values from: Shapes Model
subclass of: Restriction
  min qualified cardinality: 1
  on class: Interaction Affordance
  on property: contains interaction affordance
subclass of: Restriction
  min qualified cardinality: 1
  on class: Resource
  on property: has data
subclass of: Restriction
  min qualified cardinality: 1
  on class: Model
  on property: has model

Digital Entity Dimension
type: Class
description: Digital Entity Dimension class to add resource, model and interaction affordances clases

Digital Twin
type: Class
comment: A realistic representation of all product life cycle components using physical, virtual and interaction data.
subclass of: Thing
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has connection
  some values from: Data Service Connection
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has connection
  some values from: Model Data Connection
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has connection
  some values from: Model Model Connection
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has connection
  some values from: Model Service Connection
subclass of: Restriction
  min qualified cardinality: 1
  on class: Connection
  on property: has connection
subclass of: Restriction
  min qualified cardinality: 1
  on class: Digital Entity
  on property: has digital entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on class: Physical Entity
  on property: has physical entity
  qualified cardinality: 1

Digital Twin Aggregate
type: Class
comment: Describes the aggregation of all the DTIs. Unlike the DTI, the DTA may not be an independent data structure. It may be a computing construct that has access to all DTIs and queries them either ad-hoc or proactively.
subclass of: Digital Twin
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: aggregate DTwA
  some values from: Digital Twin Aggregate
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: aggregate DTwI
  some values from: Digital Twin Instance

Digital Twin Dimension
type: Class
comment: Dimensions of which the digital twin is composed.

Digital Twin Instance
type: Class
comment: Describes a specific corresponding physical product that an individual Digital Twin remains linked to throughout the life of that physical product.
subclass of: Digital Twin

External Connection Point
type: Class
comment: Connection point of the connection that is external to the DTw.
subclass of: Connection Point

Format
type: Class
comment: Extension format in which the model or data is available.

Geometric Model
type: Class
comment: Describes all the geometric parameters of the physical entity (e.g. shapes, sizes and assembly relations).
subclass of: Model

Internal Connection Point
type: Class
comment: Connection point of the connection that is internal to the DTw.
subclass of: Connection Point

Mapping Model
type: Class
comment: Model that allows the alignment of data with the objective of obtaining harmonised data from non-harmonised data.
subclass of: Semantic Model

Model
type: Class
comment: Representation or conceptualization of the data registered in the Virtual Entity dimension.
subclass of: Digital Entity Dimension
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: is model of
  some values from: Digital Entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: model aggregated from
  some values from: Model
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: model aggregates
  some values from: Model
subclass of: Restriction
  min qualified cardinality: 1
  on class: Format
  on property: has format

Model Data Connection
type: Class
comment: Connection between dtw:Model and dcat:Resource.
subclass of: Connection

Model Model Connection
type: Class
description: Model to model connection.
subclass of: Connection

Model Service Connection
type: Class
comment: Connection between dtw:Model and td:InteractionAffordance.
subclass of: Connection

Ontology Model
type: Class
comment: Model that contains the conceptualization of the information of the digital twin. This conceptualization activity refers to the organization and structuration of the information (data, knowledge, etc.), obtained during the acquisition process, into meaningful models at the knowledge level and according to the ontology requirements specification document.
subclass of: Semantic Model

Physical Entity
type: Class
comment: This dimension of the digital twin consists of various subsystems, objects and sensory devices. These subsystems can include dynamic systems, control systems, maintenance systems, etc., and can be combined for a specific task. Also, non physical entities can be represented.
subclass of: Digital Twin Dimension

Physical Model
type: Class
comment: Responsible for providing all the physical properties (e.g. speed and force) based on dt:GeometricModel
subclass of: Model

Rules Model
type: Class
comment: A set of rules extracted from the historical data obtained from the physical model, whose function is to provide the virtual entity with a judgment for decision making, optimization, evaluation, prediction and maintenance.
subclass of: Model

Semantic Model
type: Class
description: Model representing semantic web rules or conceptualizations.
subclass of: Model

Shapes Model
type: Class
comment: Model that contains the data validation rules allowing the data to be validated.
subclass of: Semantic Model

aggregate DTwA
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Property that describes de action of aggregation between two different entities or dtw:DigitalTwinAggregate.
domain: Digital Twin Aggregate
range: Digital Twin Aggregate
inverse of: aggregated DTwA from

aggregate DTwI
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Property that describes de action of aggregation between two different entities or dtw:DigitalTwinInstance.
domain: Digital Twin Aggregate
range: Digital Twin Instance
inverse of: aggregated DTwI from

aggregated DTwA from
type: ObjectProperty
description: DTwA aggregated from a specific DTwA
domain: Digital Twin Aggregate
range: Digital Twin Aggregate

aggregated DTwI from
type: ObjectProperty
description: DTwI aggregated from a specific DTwA
domain: Digital Twin Instance
range: Digital Twin Aggregate

contains interaction affordance
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Property that describes the different interaction affordances that the dt:DigitalTwinServices contains.
domain: Digital Entity
range: Interaction Affordance
inverse of: is interaction affordance of

has connection
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Property that describes the different connections of the dtw:DigitalTwin.
domain: Digital Twin
range: Connection
inverse of: is connection of

has connection point
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Property that describes the connection point that the element of the DTw has to connect with others
domain: Digital Entity Dimension
range: Connection Point
inverse of: is connection point of

has consumer
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Property that describes if the connection point is the consumer of the information.
domain: Connection
range: Connection Point
inverse of: is consumer of

has data
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Property that describes the different data that the dt:DigitalTwinData contains.
domain: Digital Entity
range: Resource
inverse of: is data of

has digital entity
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Property that describes the different Digital Entities that the digital twin contains.
domain: Digital Twin
range: DPP information
range: Digital Entity
inverse of: is digital entity of

has extension
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: Extension of the model or data with which can be found.
domain: Format
range: string

has format
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Property that describes the different extension formats that the models or data can be found.
domain: Model
range: Format
inverse of: is format of

has model
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Property that describes the different models that the dtw:DigitalEntity contains.
domain: Digital Entity
range: Model
inverse of: is model of

has physical entity
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Property that describes the Physical Entity that the digital twin describes.
domain: Digital Twin
range: Physical Entity
inverse of: is physical entity of

has provider
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Property that describes if the connection point is the provider of the information.
domain: Connection
range: Connection Point
inverse of: is provider of

is connection of
type: ObjectProperty
description: Connection of a Digital Twin.
domain: Connection
range: Digital Twin

is connection point of
type: ObjectProperty
description: Connection point is referred to a Digital Entity Dimension
domain: Connection Point
range: Digital Entity Dimension

is consumer of
type: ObjectProperty
description: Connection point is consumer of a connection.
domain: Connection Point
range: Connection

is data of
type: ObjectProperty
description: Data of a Digital Entity.
domain: Resource
range: Digital Entity

is digital entity of
type: ObjectProperty
description: Digital entity of a Digital Twin.
domain: Digital Entity
range: Digital Twin

is format of
type: ObjectProperty
description: Format of a Model.
domain: Format
range: Model

is interaction affordance of
type: ObjectProperty
description: Interaction Afforfance of a Digital Entity.
domain: Interaction Affordance
range: Digital Entity

is model of
type: ObjectProperty
description: Model contained by the Digital Entity Dimension.
domain: Model
range: Digital Entity

is physical entity of
type: ObjectProperty
description: Physical entity of a Digital Twin.
domain: Physical Entity
range: Digital Twin

is provider of
type: ObjectProperty
description: Connection point is provider of a connection.
domain: Connection Point
range: Connection

model aggregated from
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Model aggregated from model.
domain: Model
range: Model
inverse of: model aggregates

model aggregates
type: ObjectProperty
description: Model aggregates model.
domain: Model
range: Model

resource aggregated from
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Resource aggregated from resource.
domain: Resource
range: Resource
inverse of: resource aggregates

resource aggregates
type: ObjectProperty
description: Resource aggregates resource.
domain: Resource
range: Resource

has target
type: DatatypeProperty
description: Class has target uri.
domain: Format
range: anyURI

Interaction Affordance
type: Class
description: Affordance that represents a Service.
subclass of: Digital Entity Dimension
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: is interaction affordance of
  some values from: Digital Entity

Thing
type: Class
description: Thing of WoT.

has form
type: DatatypeProperty
description: Interaction affordance has form.
domain: Interaction Affordance
range: anyURI

has uri template schema
type: DatatypeProperty
description: Interaction affordance has an URI template schema.
domain: Interaction Affordance
range: string