PDTO (Product Digital Twin Ontology) is an ontology for product digital twins. Its goal is to describe a product digital twin.
Product Digital Twin Ontology
Spatial topic and spatial applicability may be a named place or a location specified by its geographic coordinates. Temporal topic may be a named period, date, or date range. A jurisdiction may be a named administrative entity or a geographic place to which the resource applies. Recommended practice is to use a controlled vocabulary such as the Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names [[TGN](https://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/tgn/index.html)]. Where appropriate, named places or time periods may be used in preference to numeric identifiers such as sets of coordinates or date ranges.
Date may be used to express temporal information at any level of granularity. Recommended practice is to express the date, date/time, or period of time according to ISO 8601-1 [[ISO 8601-1](https://www.iso.org/iso-8601-date-and-time-format.html)] or a published profile of the ISO standard, such as the W3C Note on Date and Time Formats [[W3CDTF](https://www.w3.org/TR/NOTE-datetime)] or the Extended Date/Time Format Specification [[EDTF](http://www.loc.gov/standards/datetime/)]. If the full date is unknown, month and year (YYYY-MM) or just year (YYYY) may be used. Date ranges may be specified using ISO 8601 period of time specification in which start and end dates are separated by a '/' (slash) character. Either the start or end date may be missing.
Description may include but is not limited to: an abstract, a table of contents, a graphical representation, or a free-text account of the resource.
Recommended practice is to use a controlled vocabulary where available. For example, for file formats one could use the list of Internet Media Types [[MIME](https://www.iana.org/assignments/media-types/media-types.xhtml)].
Recommended practice is to identify the resource by means of a string conforming to an identification system.
Recommended practice is to use either a non-literal value representing a language from a controlled vocabulary such as ISO 639-2 or ISO 639-3, or a literal value consisting of an IETF Best Current Practice 47 [[IETF-BCP47](https://tools.ietf.org/html/bcp47)] language tag.
Examples of a Publisher include a person, an organization, or a service. Typically, the name of a Publisher should be used to indicate the entity.
Recommended practice is to identify the related resource by means of a URI. If this is not possible or feasible, a string conforming to a formal identification system may be provided.
Typically, rights information includes a statement about various property rights associated with the resource, including intellectual property rights.
The described resource may be derived from the related resource in whole or in part. Recommended best practice is to identify the related resource by means of a string conforming to a formal identification system.
Typically, the subject will be represented using keywords, key phrases, or classification codes. Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary.
Recommended practice is to use a controlled vocabulary such as the DCMI Type Vocabulary [[DCMI-TYPE](http://dublincore.org/documents/dcmi-type-vocabulary/)]. To describe the file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource, use the Format element.
A relation pointing out a document representing a certificate related to the product described by the DPP.
certificate document
The characteristic that the piece of information is about.
characteristic
A relation connecting a piece of information to the piece of information directly superseding it.
directly superseded by
A relation connecting a piece of information to another piece of information that directly replaces the first one, i.e. when a DPP is updated.
directly supersedes
A relation pointing out a document with disassembly instructions for the product.
disassembly instructions document
A relation for pointing to external documentation, that is not explicitly represented inside the DPP but instead as a related document, e.g. documents with various kinds of instructions, certificates, or furhter information about the product.
external document
A piece of information about the composition of a product.
has composition information
Relating a piece of information to the thing the information is about, i.e. describes.
is about
A relation pointing at the quality that the piece of information describes.
quality
A relation pointing out a document containing repair instructions for the product.
repair instrucitons document
A transitive relation that relates a piece of information to the pieces of information that supersedes it.
superseded by
Relation between a concept with a value, associating it to a unit of measure.
unit
The relation between a DPP and the product it describes.
describes
A relation between a whole and its parts.
has part
has aspect model links a Digital Entity to an Aspect Model
has information links an information model to a piece of information
has information model links a Digital Entity to an Information Model
Property that describes de action of aggregation between two different entities or dtw:DigitalTwinAggregate.
aggregate DTwA
Property that describes de action of aggregation between two different entities or dtw:DigitalTwinInstance.
aggregate DTwI
DTwA aggregated from a specific DTwA
aggregated DTwA from
DTwI aggregated from a specific DTwA
aggregated DTwI from
Property that describes the different interaction affordances that the dt:DigitalTwinServices contains.
contains interaction affordance
Property that describes the different connections of the dtw:DigitalTwin.
has connection
Property that describes the connection point that the element of the DTw has to connect with others
has connection point
Property that describes if the connection point is the consumer of the information.
has consumer
Property that describes the different data that the dt:DigitalTwinData contains.
has data
Property that describes the different Digital Entities that the digital twin contains.
has digital entity
Property that describes the different extension formats that the models or data can be found.
has format
Property that describes the different models that the dtw:DigitalEntity contains.
has model
Property that describes the Physical Entity that the digital twin describes.
has physical entity
Property that describes if the connection point is the provider of the information.
has provider
Connection of a Digital Twin.
is connection of
Connection point is referred to a Digital Entity Dimension
is connection point of
Connection point is consumer of a connection.
is consumer of
Data of a Digital Entity.
is data of
Digital entity of a Digital Twin.
is digital entity of
Format of a Model.
is format of
Interaction Afforfance of a Digital Entity.
is interaction affordance of
Model contained by the Digital Entity Dimension.
is model of
Physical entity of a Digital Twin.
is physical entity of
Connection point is provider of a connection.
is provider of
Model aggregated from model.
model aggregated from
Model aggregates model.
model aggregates
Resource aggregated from resource.
resource aggregated from
Resource aggregates resource.
resource aggregates
The end of a time interval.
end time
The start of a time interval.
start time
The value of a characterisitc or a quality.
value
The simple information value of an information model.
Extension of the model or data with which can be found.
has extension
Class has target uri.
has target
Interaction affordance has form.
has form
Interaction affordance has an URI template schema.
has uri template schema
A piece of information about some certificate that concerns the product.
Certificate Information
A piece of information about the composition of a product, i.e. a relation between a product and its part, potentially with more details of the composition included.
Composition information
A piece of information contained in a DPP, which is about some product.
DPP information
A piece of information about how to disassemble the product, e.g. linking to some disassembly instructions.
Disassembly information
A piece of information that described the legal guarantee of the product, with its time interval of validity.
Legal guarantee
A piece of information that describes a product characteristic.
Product characteristic
A piece of information about the quality of of a product.
Product quality
A piece of information about how to repair a product.
Repair instruction
A unit of measure.
Unit
A product, in a broad sense, defined as anything that is sold by a value chain actor, and which can have other products as parts.
Product
Resource of data from DCAT ontology
Resource
A structured information to describe an aspect of an entity.
Piece of information which can be property (characteristic or quality) or operation.
A structured information to describe an entity, an entity's aspect or a part of an entity's aspect.
Describes the behaviors and response mechanisms of the entity (e.g. state transition, performance and disturbances)
Behavioral Model
Existing connection between different dtw:ConnectionPoint.
Connection
Connection point of the connection.
Connection Point
Connection between dcat:Resource and td:InteractionAffordance.
Data Service Connection
This dimension of the digital twin consists of various data models that represents all the information allocated in the digital twin.
Digital Entity
Digital Entity Dimension class to add resource, model and interaction affordances clases
Digital Entity Dimension
A realistic representation of all product life cycle components using physical, virtual and interaction data.
Digital Twin
Describes the aggregation of all the DTIs. Unlike the DTI, the DTA may not be an independent data structure. It may be a computing construct that has access to all DTIs and queries them either ad-hoc or proactively.
Digital Twin Aggregate
Dimensions of which the digital twin is composed.
Digital Twin Dimension
Describes a specific corresponding physical product that an individual Digital Twin remains linked to throughout the life of that physical product.
Digital Twin Instance
Connection point of the connection that is external to the DTw.
External Connection Point
Extension format in which the model or data is available.
Format
Describes all the geometric parameters of the physical entity (e.g. shapes, sizes and assembly relations).
Geometric Model
Connection point of the connection that is internal to the DTw.
Internal Connection Point
Model that allows the alignment of data with the objective of obtaining harmonised data from non-harmonised data.
Mapping Model
Representation or conceptualization of the data registered in the Virtual Entity dimension.
Model
Connection between dtw:Model and dcat:Resource.
Model Data Connection
Model to model connection.
Model Model Connection
Connection between dtw:Model and td:InteractionAffordance.
Model Service Connection
Model that contains the conceptualization of the information of the digital twin. This conceptualization activity refers to the organization and structuration of the information (data, knowledge, etc.), obtained during the acquisition process, into meaningful models at the knowledge level and according to the ontology requirements specification document.
Ontology Model
This dimension of the digital twin consists of various subsystems, objects and sensory devices. These subsystems can include dynamic systems, control systems, maintenance systems, etc., and can be combined for a specific task. Also, non physical entities can be represented.
Physical Entity
Responsible for providing all the physical properties (e.g. speed and force) based on dt:GeometricModel
Physical Model
A set of rules extracted from the historical data obtained from the physical model, whose function is to provide the virtual entity with a judgment for decision making, optimization, evaluation, prediction and maintenance.
Rules Model
Model representing semantic web rules or conceptualizations.
Semantic Model
Model that contains the data validation rules allowing the data to be validated.
Shapes Model
Affordance that represents a Service.
Interaction Affordance
Thing of WoT.
Thing
Dublin Core Metadata Element Set, Version 1.1
The guidelines for using names of persons or organizations as creators also apply to contributors. Typically, the name of a Contributor should be used to indicate the entity.
Examples of a Creator include a person, an organization, or a service. Typically, the name of a Creator should be used to indicate the entity.
Class has target description.
An account of the resource.
Description
description
Class has target title.
A name given to the resource.
Title
title